πολλοῦ ἄξιος

ἄξιος, ία, ιον (ος, ον Nonn.D.8.314), for Αγ-τιος,

A counterbalancing, cf.

ἄγω v1

: hence prop. weighing as much, of like value, worth as much as, c. gen.,

βοὸς ἄ. Il.23.885

; νῦν δ' οὐδ' ἑνὸς ἄξιοί εἰμεν Ἕκτορος we are not—all together— worth one Hector, 8.234, cf. Hdt. 1.32, 7.21;

πάντων Ζεὺς ἄξιον ἦμαρ ἔδωκεν Il.15.719

; so πολλοῦ ἄ. worth much, X.An.4.1.28, Pl.Smp. 185b, etc.;

πλείονος ἄ. Id.Phdr. 235b

, etc.;

πλείστου ἄ. Th.2.65

, Pl.Grg. 464d, etc.; παντός, τοῦ παντὸς ἄ., E.Fr. 275, Pl.Sph. 216c; παντὸς ἄ., c. inf., Ar.Av. 797; λόγου ἄ., = ἀξιόλογος, Hdt.1.133, Th.1.73, etc.; σπουδῆς, μνήμης ἄ., Plu.2.35a,172e:—opp. to these are

οὐδενὸς ἄ. Thgn.456

;

ἢ παντὸς ἢ τὸ παράπαν οὐδενός Pl.Phlb. 64d

;

ὀλίγου Id.Grg. 497b

, etc.;

σμικροῦ Id.R. 504d

, etc.;

βραχέος Id.Lg. 692c

; μείονος, ἐλάττονος ἄ., X. Vect.4.50, Cyr.2.2.14;

πολλαπλασίου τιμήματος ἄ. κτήσεις Arist.Pol. 1306b12

; also εἰς ὀγδοήκοντα μνᾶς ἄ. worth up to a sum of.., D.27.10.

2 c. dat. pers., σοὶ δ' ἄξιόν ἐστιν ἀμοιβῆς 'tis worth a return to thee, i.e. will bring thee a return, Od.1.318;

πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται Il.23.562

;

βασιλεῖ ἂν πολλοῦ ἄξιοι γένοιντο X.An.2.1.14

.

3 abs., worthy, goodly,

ἄξια δῶρα Il.9.261

; ἄ. ὦνος a goodly price, Od.15.429; ὅθεν κέ τοι ἄξιον ἄλφοι it would bring thee a good price, 20.383;

φέροντες ὅ τι ἕκαστος ἄξιον εἶχε X.Cyr.3.3.2

.

b in [dialect] Att. in an exactly opposite sense, 'good value for the money', i.e. cheap, Ar.Eq. 672, 895: [comp] Comp., ib. 645;

ὡς ἀξιώτατον πρίασθαι Lys.22.18

;

ὡς ἄ. γεγόνασιν οἱ πυροὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Thphr.Char.3.3

, cf. X.Vect.4.6.

4 deserved, meet, due,

δίκη S.El. 298

, X.Oec.12.19;

χάρις Id.HG1.6.11

; ἄξια δράσας ἄξια πάσχων fit suffering for fit deeds, A.Ag. 1527, cf. E. Ion 735.

5 of persons, οἱ ἑωυτοῦ ἄξιοι those of one's own rank, his peers, Hdt.1.107.

6 sufficient for, c. gen.,

ἄ. τοῦ πολέμου τὰ χρήματα D.14.27

.

7 αἰδοῦς ἀξίαν.. τὴν προθυμίαν μᾶλλον ἢ θράσους more like modesty than rashness, Arist.Cael. 291b25.

II after Hom., in moral relation, worthy, estimable, of persons and things, Hdt.7.224, etc.; οὐδὲν ἀξία nothing worth, A.Ch. 445;

ἀξίαν κἀπ' ἀξίων Id.Eu. 435

;

ἀξίων γεννητόρων ἤθη φυλάσσεις E. Ion 735

.

2 worthy of, deserving, mostly c. gen. rei, ἄξιον φυγῆς, ἄξια στεναγμάτων, γέλωτος, Id.Med. 1124, Or. 1326, Heracl. 507;

ἐγκωμίων τί ἀξιώτερον ἤ..; X.Ages.10.3

: c. gen. pers.,

ποιεῖν ἄξια οὔτε ὑμῶν οὔτε πατέρων Th.2.71

;

ἄξιον τοῦ πατρός Isoc.9.80

;

ἄξια τοῦ Μαραθῶνος διανοεῖσθαι Plu.Cim.5

.

b c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἡμῖν δ' Ἀχιλλεὺς ἄξιος τιμῆς is worthy of honour at our hands, E.Hec. 309;

πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν ἄ. ὑμῖν Ar.Ach. 633

;

ἄ. πλείστου Λακεδαιμονίοις Th. 4.81

;

θανάτου τῇ πόλει X.Mem.1.1.1

, cf. 1.2.62;

εἰμὶ δ' οὐ τούτων ὑμῖν ἄ. D.21.217

;

χάριτος ἄ. τῇ πόλει Antipho 6.10

; later

τιμῆς ἄ. παρὰ πάντων Luc.Tox.3

.

3 c. inf., Προθοήνορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι ἄ. worthy to be killed instead of him, Il.14.472, cf. Th.1.76;

τίεσθαι δ' ἀξιώτατος A.Ag. 531

;

ἄ. θρήνων τυχεῖν S.Aj. 924

; ἄξιοι δουλεύειν only fit to be slaves, Arist.Pol. 1254b36; also

ἄ. σέβειν E.Heracl. 315

(Elmsl.).

b ἄξιός εἰμι, like δίκαιός εἰμι, I deserve to..,

ἄξιός εἰμι πληγὰς λαβεῖν Ar.Ec. 324

;

ἄξιός εἰμι ἀπολαῦσαι X.Cyr.5.4.19

: abs., the inf. being supplied, authorized to act, And.1.132; ἄ. γάρ, emphatically, Pl.Tht. 143e.

c later

ἄ. ἵνα Ev.Jo.1.27

.

4 ἄξιόν [ἐστι] 'tis meet, fit, due,

ἄξιον εἶναι τρεῖς ἑνὸς ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι Il.13.446

;

ἄ. μνήμην ἔχειν Hdt.1.14

: later c. [tense] fut. inf.,

ἄ. διαπορήσειν Did.

in D.9.15.

b c. dat. pers. et inf., τῇ πόλει γὰρ ἄξιον ξυλλαβεῖν τὸν νο̄ρα 'tis meet for the city, is worth her while.., Ar.Ach. 205;

τί σοι ζῆν ἄξιον; Id.Nu. 1074

, cf. Av. 548;

ἄξιόν γε πᾶσιν ἐπολολύξαι Id.Eq. 616

; freq. in X. as ὡς οὐκ ἄξιον εἴη βασιλεῖ ἀφεῖναι κτλ. that it was not meet for him.., An.2.3.25.

c the inf. is sts. omitted, ἄξιον γὰρ Ἑλλάδι 'tis meet in the eyes of Hellas [so to do], Ar.Ach.8; and sts. the dat., ἄξιόν ἐστι operae pretium est, it is worth while,

ἐνθυμηθῆναι D.1.21

;

γαμεῖν οὐκ ἄξιον E.Alc. 628

.

III Adv. ἀξίως, c. gen.,

ἐμάχοντο ἀξίως λόγου Hdt.6.112

;

οὔτε ἑωυτοῦ ἀ. Id.3.125

; οὐκ ἀ. ἀπηγήσιος ibid.;

τῆς ἀσικίας Th.3.39

; ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ, τῆς θεᾶς, OGI331.9 (Pergam.), Inscr.Magn.33.30, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.2.12: abs., S.OT 133, etc.; κολάσετε ἀξίως as they deserve, Th.3.40.

πολύς, [dialect] Att. πολλή, πολύ; gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, ou=; dat. πολλῷ, ῇ, ῷ; acc. πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—[dialect] Ion. [full] πολλός Anacr.43.3,

A

πολλή, πολλόν Xenoph.9

, Democr.219, Hp.VM1, Herod.3.19; also in Trag., S.Ant.86, Tr. 1196; acc. πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Hdt. uses the [dialect] Ion. forms, but codd. have

πολύν 2.121

.δ, 3.57, v.l. in 6.125,

πολύ 2.106

,3.38,6.72,7.46, 160 ( πολύ also in Heraclit.114, Democr. 244):—both sets of forms are found in [dialect] Ep., also gen. sg.

πολέος Il.4.244

, etc.: nom. pl.

πολέες 2.417

, al., once [var] contr.

πολεῖς 11.708

; gen. πολέων (trisyll.) 5.691, (disyll.) 16.655; dat.

πολέσι 10.262

,al.;

πολέσσι 13.452

, al.;

πολέεσσι 9.73

, Od.5.54, Hes.Op. 119, etc.; acc. πολέας (trisyll.) Il.3.126, etc., (disyll.) 1.559,2.4, Hes.Op. 580 (freq. with v.l. πολεῖς Il.15.66, etc.); in later [dialect] Ep. πολέες is used as fem., Call.Del.28, also

πολέας Id.Dian.42

, A.R.3.21; neut.

πολέα Q.S.1.74

(v. infr.):—[dialect] Ep. also have [full] πουλύς (once in Hes., Th. 190, also Thgn. 509, sts. fem. in Hom.,

πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρήν Il.10.27

,

ἠέρα πουλύν 5.776

), neut.

πουλύ Od.19.387

; these forms are found in codd. of Hp. and Aret. (who uses πολύ, πουλύ and πολλόν in neut.), but not in Hdt.:— Lyr. and Trag. (lyr.) sts. use [dialect] Ep. forms, dat. sg.

πολεῖ A.Supp. 745

; nom. pl.

πολέες B.10.17

; neut.

πολέα A.Ag. 723

;

πολέων E.Hel. 1332

(fem., B.5.100); dat. pl.

πολέσι E.IT 1263

. [ῠalways.]

I of Number, many, Il.2.417, etc.; ἐκ πολλῶν, opp. ἐξὀλίγων, Hes.Th. 447; τριηκόντων ἐτέων πόλλ' ἀπολείπων wanting many of thirty years, Id.Op. 696;

παρῆσάν τινες, καὶ πολλοί γε Pl.Phd. 58d

;

οὐ πολλοί τινες A.Pers. 510

: with Nouns of multitude,

πουλὺς ὅμιλος Od.8.109

;

πλῆθος πολλόν Hdt.1.141

;

ἔθνος πολλόν Id.4.22

; later πουλὺ.. ἐπ' ἔτος many a year, AP6.235 (Thall.);

π. ἦν ὁ καταπλέων Plb.15.26.10

; of anything often repeated,

περὶ σέο λόγος ἀπῖκται π. Hdt.1.30

;

πολλὸν ἦν τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος Id.2.2

, cf. 3.137, etc.;

πολὺ.. τὸ σὸν ὄνομα διήκει πάντας S.OC 305

;

τούτῳ πολλῷ χρήσεται τῷ λόγῳ

often,

D.21.29

; τοῦτο ἐπιεικῶς πολὺ νῦν ἐστι is fairly frequent, Luc.Hist.Conscr.15.

2 of Size, Degree, Intensity, much, mighty, ὄμβρος, νιφετός, Il.10.6;

π. ὕπνος Od.15.394

;

πῦρ.. π. 10.359

; π. ὑμέναιος a loud song, Il.18.493; π. ὀρυμαγδός, ῥοῖζος, etc., 2.810, Od.9.315, etc.; π. ἀνάγκη strong necessity, E.Ph. 1674; π. γέλως, βοή, much or great, S.Aj. 303, 1149; μωρία ib. 745; ὄλβος, αἰδώς, A.Pers. 251, Ag. 948;

ἀσφάλεια Th.2.11

; ἀλογία, εὐήθεια, Pl.Phd. 67e, Phdr. 275c, etc.

b rarely of a single person, great, mighty,

μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο Hdt.7.14

, cf. E.Hipp.1; ὁ π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός, Chor.p.23 B., Id.in Rev.Phil.1.68;

ὁ πάντα π. Id.p.27

B.; ὁ πολύς alone, of Hippocrates, Gal.19.530; of Trajan, Lyd.Mag.2.28;

ῥώμην σώματος πολύς D.H.2.42

.

c joined with a Verb, Κύπρις γὰρ οὐ φορητός, ἢν πολλὴ ῥυῇ if she flow with full stream, metaph. from a river, E.Hipp. 443;

θρασυνομένῳ καὶ πολλῷ ῥέοντι D. 18.136

; from the wind, ὡς π. ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρός was blowing strong and fresh, Id.25.57, cf. Ar.Eq. 760, AP11.49 (Even.): generally, with might or force,

ὅταν ὁ θεὸς.. ἔλθῃ πολύς E.Ba. 300

;

ἢν π. παρῇ Id.Or. 1200

;

π. καὶ τολμηρὸς ἅνθρωπος D.40.53

: with part. and εἰμί, πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενος was all entreaties, Hdt.9.91;

ἦν πολλὸς ὑπὸ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς αἰνεόμενος Id.1.98

;

Ἐτεοκλέης ἂν εἷς π... ὑμνοῖθ' A.Th.6

;

π. ἐνέκειτο λέγων Hdt.7.158

;

π. τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ἔγκειται D.18.199

; also

π. ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λόγοισι Hdt.8.59

;

πρὸς ταῖς παρασκευαῖς Plb.5.49.7

;

ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ D.S.14.107

: without a Prep.,

π. ἦν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἐπαχθής Aeschin.2.41

; π. μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται will be often mentioned, Id.1.166.

3 of Value or Worth,

πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται Il.23.562

, cf. Od.8.405;

πολλοῦ ἄξιος X.An.4.1.28

, etc.;

πολλῶν ἄξιος Ar. Pax 918

; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat. magni facere, cf.

περί A.

IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a high price, D.8.53;

ἐπὶ π. ἐρραθυμηκότες Id.1.15

; πολύ ἐστί τι it is worth much, of great conscquence, X.Oec.18.7.

4 of Space, large, wide, π. χώρη, πεδίον, Il.23.520,4.244, etc.; πόντος, πέλαγος, Hes.Op. 635, S.Ph. 635;

χῶρος πλατὺς καὶ π. Hdt.4.39

; λίμνη μεγάλη τε καὶ π. ib. 109;

π. ἡ Σικελία Th. 7.13

;

π. ἡ Ἑλλάς Pl.Phd. 78a

, etc.; πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay outstretched wide, Il.7.156, cf. 11.307; π. κέλευθος a far way, A.Pers. 748 (troch.): without

ὁδός, πολλὴ μὲν εἰς Ἡράκλειαν.., πολλὴ δὲ εἰς Χρυσόπολιν.. X.An.6.3.16

: διὰ πολλοῦ, ἐκ πολλοῦ, v. infr. IV.

5 of Time, long,

χρόνος S.Aj. 1402

(anap.), etc.;

πολὺν χρόνον Il.2.343

, etc.;

οὐ π. χρ. S.Ph. 348

, etc.; so

πολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.Pl.98

;

χρόνῳ πολλῷ S.Tr. 228

; διὰ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) Luc.Nec.15;

ἐκ πολλοῦ Th.1.58

, D. 21.41; πρὸ πολλοῦ long before, D.S.14.43;

οὐ μετὰ πολύ Luc.Tox.54

; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός while still quite night, Th.8.101; πολλῆς ὥρας late in the day, Plb.5.8.3;

ἤδη ὥρα πολλή Ev.Marc.6.35

;

ἔτι ἔστιν ἡμέρα πολλή LXX Ge.29.7

.

II Special usages:

1 c. partit.gen., e.g. πολλοὶ Τρώων, for πολλοὶ Τρῶες, Il.18.271, etc.; neut., πολλὸν σαρκός, for πολλὴ σάρξ, Od.19.450: in Prose, the Adj. generally takes the gender of the gen.,

τὸν πολλὸν τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.1.24

; τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7;

τῆς ἀθάρης πολλήν Ar.Pl. 694

;

πολλὴν τῆς χώρας X.Cyr. 3.2.2

;

ὁ π. τοῦ λόγου D.44.6

; v. infr. 3.

2 joined with another Adj.,

πολλὰ δυστερπῆ κακά A.Ch. 277

, cf. 585 (lyr.), etc.: more freq. joined to another Adj. by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί many men and good, Il.6.452, etc.;

πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι 21.586

;

πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά Od.2.312

; παλαιά τε πολλά τε ib. 188;

ἄκοσμά τε π. τε Il.2.213

;

πολλαί γε.. καὶ ἄλλαι Hes.Th. 363

;

π. τε καὶ κακά Hdt.4.167

, etc.;

π. κἀγαθά Ar.Th. 351

(but

π. ἀγαθά IG12.76.45

);

π. καὶ ἀνόσια Pl.R. 416e

;

π. καὶ μακάρια Id.Plt. 269d

;

π. καὶ πονηρά X.Mem.2.9.6

;

πολλά τε καὶ δεινά Id.An.5.5.8

;

μεγάλα καὶ π. D.36.22

; π. καὶ καλοὺς (s.v.l.) κινδύνους, π. καὶ καλὰ παραδείγματα, Din.1.109.

3 with the Art. (in Hom. without the Art., Il.2.483, 5.334, 22.28), of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλάς, τὰς πάνυ π. ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' those many lives, A.Ag. 1456 (lyr.), cf. S.OT 845, Th.3.87, Pl.Phd. 88a, Ti. 54a, Act.Ap.26.24: with abstract Nouns,

τᾶς πολλᾶς ὑγιείας A. Ag. 1001

(lyr., dub.);

τὸ πολλόν

numbers,

Hdt.1.136

.

b οἱ π. the many, i.e. the greater number,

Ἀθηναῖοι.. ἀπῆλθον οἱ πολλοί Th. 1.126

, cf. 3.32, etc. (so in sg., ὁ πολλὸς λόγος the prevailing report, Hdt.1.75);

τοῖς π. κριταῖς S.Aj. 1243

: with gen., τοῖς π. βροτῶν ib. 682;

οἱ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων X.Cyr.8.2.24

;

οἱ πολλοὶ ἅπαντες

far the most,

Hp.

Aër.20 (v.l. μάλιστα for ἅπαντες); for τὰ πολλὰ πάντα, v. infr. 111.1a: hence οἱ πολλοί the people, the commonalty, opp. οἱ μείζω κεκτημένοι, Th.1.6; opp. οἱ κομψότεροι, Pl.R. 505b; οἱ π., = Lat. plebs, D.S.20.36; τῶν πολλῶν εἷς one of the multitude, D.21.96; also

ὁ π. λεώς Luc.JTr.53

, cf. Rh.Pr.17;

ὁ π. ὅμιλος Id.Luct.2

. Hdn.1.1.1, etc.;

ὁ π. δῆμος Luc.Apol.15

;

ὁ π. ὄχλος Ph. 2.4

; ὁ π. alone, = vulgus, v.l. in D.S.2.29; the ordinary man, Epicur.Fr. 478, Phld.Rh.2.154S.;

νίμμα ὁ π. λέγει, ἡμεῖς ἀπόνιπτρον λέγομεν Phryn.170

, cf.369; ὁ ἐμπαθὴς καὶ π. ἄνθρωπος 'l'homme moyen sensuel', Herm.in Phdr.p.146A.; ὁ π. ἄνθρωπος (with pl. Verb) the average man, opp. τὸ ἐξαίρετον, Eun.Hist.p.216 D.

c τὸ πολύ, c. gen.,

τῆς στρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν Hdt.8.100

;

τὸ π. τοῦ χρόνου Hp.

Aër. 20;

τῶν λογάδων τὸ π. Th.5.73

;

τῶν ὅπλων τὸ π. Pl.Plt. 288b

; also

ὁ στρατὸς ὁ πολλός Hdt.1.102

;

ἡ δύναμις ἡ π. Th.1.24

; ὁ π. βίοτος the best part of life, S.El. 185 (lyr.).

d

τὰ πολλά

the most,

Od.22.273

, and perh. 2.58, 17.537 (elsewh. in Hom. πολλά, as Subst., means much riches, great possessions, Il.11.684, Od.19.195);

τὰ π. τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.13

; πρὸς τὸ τῶν π. μέγεθος in regard to the size of the average, Arist.Rh. 1363b11.

4 pl. πολλά very much, too much, πολλὰ πράσσειν, = πολυπραγμονεῖν, E.Supp. 576, Ar.Ra. 228;

π. ἔπαθεν Pi.O.13.63

, etc.; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one much harm, A. Th. 923 (lyr.).

5 πολλάς with Verbs of beating ( πληγάς being omitted), v. πληγή 1.

6 πολύς repeated,

ἦ πολλὰ πολλοῖς εἰμι διάφορος βροτῶν E.Med. 579

, cf. A.Supp. 451;

τὰ μὲν οὖν πολλὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου διηγήσασθαι Pl.R. 615a

, etc.; πολλοῦ πολύς, v. infr. 111.1b: with Advbs. πολλάκις, πολλαχῇ, etc. (qq. v., cf. 111.1 e).

III Adverbial usages:

a neut. πολύ ([dialect] Ion. πολλόν) , πολλά, much,

πόλλ' ἀεκαζομένη Il.6.458

, etc.; strengthd.,

μάλα πολλά 8.22

, al.;

πάνυ πολύ Pl.Alc.1.119c

;

πολύ τι Id.R. 484d

; esp. of repetition, often, Il.2.798, Od.13.29, Hes.Op. 322; so of earnest commands and entreaties, πολλὰ κελεύων, πόλλ' ἐπέτελλον, πολλὰ λισσομένη, πολλὰ μάλ' εὐχομένω, Il.5.528, 11.782, 5.358, 9.183: with the Art.,

τὸ πολύ

for the most part,

Pl.Prt. 315a

, etc. (but with numerals, at most, Vett. Val.9.5);

ὡς τὸ π. X.Mem.1.1.10

, etc.;

τὰ πολλά Th.1.13

, 2.11,87, etc.;

ὡς τὰ π. Id.5.65

, etc.;

τὰ π. πάντα Hdt.1.203

, 2.35, 5.67.

b of Degree, far, very much,

ἀπέφυγε πολλὸν τοὺς διώκοντας Id.6.82

: also abs. gen. πολλοῦ very,

θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦ Ar.Nu. 915

, cf. Eup.74;

πολλοῦ δύνασθαι Alciphr.1.9

(s.v.l.); πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλὴ πολλοῦ, much too much, Ar.Eq. 822,Ra. 1046.

c of Space, a great way, far,

οὐ πολλόν Hdt.1.104

;

πολὺ οὐκ ἐξῄεσαν Th.1.15

, etc.

d of Time, long,

ὡς πολλὸν τοῦτο ἐγίνετο Hdt.4.126

, cf. 6.129.

e of Probability, ἐὰν πολλὰ πολλῶν τέκῃς, perh. = ἐὰν πολλάκις τέκῃς,POxy. 744.9 (i B.C./i A.D.);

ἐάν τι πολλὰ πολλάκις πάθω Ar.Ec. 1105

.

2 πολύ is freq. joined with Adjs. and Advbs.,

a with a [comp] Comp. to increase its comp. force, πολὺ μεῖζον, πολλὸν παυρότεροι, Il.1.167, Od.14.17; πολὺ μᾶλλον much more, Il.9.700; πολύ τι μᾶλλον f.l. in D.H. Comp.4 (p.22 U.-R.): with words, esp. Preps., between πολύ and its Adj., π. ἐν πλέονι, π. ἐπὶ δεινοτέρῳ, Th.1.35, Pl.R. 589e;

πολὺ ἔτι ἐκ λαμπροτέρων Id.Phd. 110c

;

π. σὺν φρονήματι μείζονι X.An.3.1.22

, cf.3.2.30, Smp.1.4 (but the Prep. freq. comes first,

ἐκ π. ἐλάττονος And.1.109

, etc.); so πολλῷ is freq. used with the [comp] Comp., by far, A.Pr. 337, Hdt. 1.134, etc.;

π. μᾶλλον S.OT 1159

, Pl.Phd. 80e; οὐ πολλῷ τεῳ ἀσθενέστερον not a great deal weaker, Hdt.1.181, cf. 2.48,67, etc.: πολύ with all words implying comparison, πολὺ πρίν much sooner, Il.9.250;

π. πρό 4.373

: with the comp. Verb

φθάνω, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη 13.815

; so πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων, πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων, 6.125, 11.217;

προὔλαβε πολλῷ Th.7.80

: with βούλομαι, = prefer,

ἡμῖν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκην Il.17.331

, cf. Od.17.404; πολύ γε in answers, after a [comp] Comp. or [comp] Sup., ἀργὸς.. γενήσεται μᾶλλον; Answ.

πολύ γε Pl.R. 421d

, cf. 387e, etc.

b with a [comp] Sup., πολὺ πρώτιστος, πολλὸν ἄριστος, far the first, etc., Il.2.702, 1.91, etc.;

προθυμία π. τολμηροτάτη Th.1.74

, etc.;

πολλόν τι μάλιστα Hdt.1.56

;

π. δή, π. δὴ γυναῖκ' ἀρίσταν E.Alc. 442

(lyr.), cf. Ar.Av. 539, Archestr.Fr.34.9; also

πολλῷ πλεῖστοι Hdt.5.92

.έ, 8.42;

π. μεγίστους Id.4.82

.

c with a Positive, to add force to the Adj.,

ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφή A.Ag. 1295

; also

ἐς πόλλ' ἀθλία πέφυκ' ἐγώ E.Ph. 619

(troch.);

πολὺ ἀφόρητος Luc.DMeretr. 9.3

; cf. πλεῖστος.

IV with Preps.,

1 διὰ πολλοῦ at a great interval of Space or Time, v. διά A.1.5, 11.2.

2 εἰς πολύ for a long time, Plot.2.1.3.

3 ἐκ πολλοῦ from a great distance, Th.4.32, etc.; for a long time, v. ἐκ 11.1.

4 ἐπὶ πολύ,

a over a great space, far,

οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν Hdt.2.32

; ἐπὶ π. τῆς θαλάσσης, τῆς χώρας, Th.1.50,4.3, etc.; to a great extent, Id.1.6,18,3.83; cf.

ποιέω B.11.2

.

b for a long time, long, Id.5.16;

τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπὶ π. Id.7.38

, cf. 39.

c

ὡς ἐπὶ π.

very generally,

Id.1.12

(v.l.), Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.195;

ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.

for the most part,

Th.2.13

, Pl.Plt. 294e, etc.;

μὴ καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Isoc.4.154

;

τό γ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Id.8.35

.

5 παρὰ πολύ by far, v. παρά C.111.5.

6 περὶ πολλοῦ, v. supr. 1.3.

7 πρὸ πολλοῦ far before,

τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35

; also of Time, οὐ πρὸ π. not long before, Id.5.62.

8 σὺν πολλῷ in no small degree, only too much or too well, Hld.2.8,9.20, 10.9 (cf. CR41.53).

V for [comp] Comp. πλείων, πλέων, [comp] Sup. πλεῖστος, v. sub vocc. (Cf. Skt. purú-, Goth. filu 'much'.)

λόγος, ου, ὁ (verbal noun of λέγω in the sense ‘pick’; Hom.+).

① a communication whereby the mind finds expression, word

ⓐ of utterance, chiefly oral.

α. as expression, word (oratorical ability plus exceptional performance were distinguishing marks in Hellenic society, hence the frequent association of λ. and ἔργον ‘deed’; a sim. formulation as early as Il. 9, 443 μύθων τε ῥητῆρʼ ἔμεναι πρηκτῆρά τε ἔργων; Polystrat. p. 33 μὴ λόγῳ μόνον ἀλλʼ ἔργω; Just., A II, 4, 2 ἢ λόγῳ ἢ ἔργῳ and D. 35, 7 λόγον ἢ πρᾶξιν) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ κ. λόγῳ, i.e. an exceptional personage Lk 24:19; pl. of Moses Ac 7:22 (the contrast expressed w. a verb Choix 20, 6–8 ποιεῖ ἀγαθὸν ὄτι δύναται καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ of Apollordorus, a benefactor in Cyzicus, a flourishing city in Phrygia; sim. New Docs 7, 233, no. 10, 8f πολιτευόμενος … λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ; cp. IKourion 32, 8; without contrast Diod S 13, 101, 3 ἄνδρας λόγῳ δυνατούς; for sim. constructions using λέγω and πράσσω s. Danker, Benefactor 339–43). Cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; Col 3:17; 2 Th 2:17; Hb 13:21 v.l.; 1J 3:18 (cp. Theognis 1, 87f Diehl³ μή μʼ ἔπεσιν μὲν στέργε κτλ.—For the contrast λόγῳ … ἀληθείᾳ cp. Diod S 13, 4, 1). In contrast to a sinful deed we also have the λόγος ἁμαρτίας sinful word Judaicon 172, 9. W. γνῶσις: ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ κ. πάσῃ γνώσει 1 Cor 1:5. ἰδιώτης τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλʼ οὐ τῇ γνώσει 2 Cor 11:6. (Opp. δύναμις ‘revelation of power’) 1 Cor 4:19, 20. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον οὐκ ἐγενήθη ἐν λόγῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει 1 Th 1:5 (cp. Ar. 13, 7 of mythical accounts οὐδέν εἰσιν εἰ μὴ μόνον λόγοι ‘they’re nothing but words’). W. ἐπιστολή: 2 Th 2:2, 15. W. ἀναστροφή: 1 Ti 4:12; 1 Pt 3:1b. Opp. ‘be silent’: IRo 2:1.—μόνον εἰπὲ λόγῳ just say the word Mt 8:8; cp. Lk 7:7 (Ath. 17, 1 ὡς λόγῳ εἰπεῖν; 29, 2; Phalaris, Ep. 121, 1 λόγῳ λέγειν; cp. schol. on Pla. 341a ἐν λόγῳ μόνον εἰπεῖν). οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον no one was able to answer him a (single) word Mt 22:46; cp. 15:23 (cp. TestAbr A 16 p. 98, 11 [Stone p. 44] οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ λόγον).— The (mighty) word (of one who performs miracles) ἐξέβαλεν τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Mt 8:16 (a rare use of λ. as ‘single utterance’, s. L-S-J-M s.v. VII).—διὰ λόγου by word of mouth (opp. ‘by letter’) Ac 15:27.—In the textually uncertain pass. Ac 20:24 the text as it stands in N., οὐδενὸς λόγου (v.l. λόγον) ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν τιμίαν, may well mean: I do not consider my life worth a single word (cp. λόγου ἄξιον [ἄξιος 1a] and our ‘worth mention’; s. Conzelmann ad loc.).

β. The expression may take on a variety of formulations or topical nuances: what you say Mt 5:37; statement (PGM 4, 334) Lk 20:20; question (Sext. Emp., Math. 8, 295; 9, 133; Diog. L. 2, 116) ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς λόγον I will ask you a question (cp. TestJob 36:5; GrBar 5:1; ApcSed 13:6; Jos., Ant. 12, 99) Mt 21:24; cp. Mk 11:29; Lk 20:3; prayer (PGM 1, 25; 4, 90; 179; 230 al.; 5, 180; 196 al.) Mt 26:44; Mk 14:39. ἡγούμενος τοῦ λ. principal speaker Ac 14:12. W. epexeget. gen. λ. παρακλήσεως 13:15. W. κήρυγμα our manner of presentation and our proclamation 1 Cor 2:4a (but s. comm.). (W. διδασκαλία) preaching 1 Ti 5:17; prophecy (Biogr. p. 364 [Pythia]) J 2:22; 18:32. Command (Aeschyl., Pers. 363) Lk 4:36; 2 Pt 3:5, 7; via a letter 2 Th 3:14. Report, story (X., An. 1, 4, 7; Diod S 3, 40, 9; 19, 110, 1 λ. διαδιδόναι=spread a report; Appian, Iber. 80 §346, Maced. 4 §1 [both=rumor]; Diod S 32, 15, 3 ἦλθεν ὁ λ. ἐπί τινα=the report came to someone; Arrian, Anab. 7, 22, 1 λόγος λέγεται τοιόσδε=a story is told like this, Ind. 9, 2; Diod S 3, 18, 3 λ.=story, account; Jos., Ant. 19, 132; Tat. 27, 2 τοῦ καθʼ Ἡρακλέα λόγου) Mt 28:15; Mk 1:45; Lk 5:15 (λ. περί τινος as X., An. 6, 6, 13; Jos., Ant. 19, 127) 7:17; J 21:23. ἠκούσθη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τ. ἐκκλησίας the report came to the ears of the assembly in Jerusalem Ac 11:22. λόγον ἔχειν σοφίας have the appearance of wisdom, pass for wisdom Col 2:23 (cp. Pla., Epinomis 987b ἔχει λόγον; Demosth., C. Lept. 462 [20, 18] λόγον τινʼ ἔχον; but mng. 2f is possible). Proverb (Pla., Phdr. 17, 240c, Symp. 18, 195b, Gorg. 54, 499c, Leg. 6, 5, 757a; Socrat., Ep. 22, 1) J 4:37 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 13, 7 ἀληθῶς ἐν τούτῳ ὁ λ. foll. by a proverb). Proclamation, instruction, teaching, message Lk 4:32; 10:39; J 4:41; 17:20; Ac 2:41; 4:4; 10:44; 20:7; 1 Cor 1:17; 2:1. In Ac18:15 ζητήματα περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ νόμου the sense appears to be someth. like this: controversial issues involving disputes about words and your way of life with λ. prob. referring to the presentation of controversial subjects, which in turn arouses heated ζητήματα debates. λόγος σοφίας proclamation of wisdom, speaking wisely 1 Cor 12:8a (Ps.-Phoc. 129 τῆς θεοπνεύστου σοφίης λ.); corresp. λ. γνώσεως vs. 8b. Cp. 14:9; 15:2; 2 Cor 1:18; 6:7; 10:10. λ. μαρτυρίας word of witness Rv 12:11. ὁ κατὰ τ. διδαχὴν πιστὸς λ. the message of faith, corresponding to the teaching Tit 1:9; the opp. 2 Ti 2:17. A speech (Aristot. p. 14b, 2; Diod S 40, 5a) διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ in a long speech Ac 15:32; cp. 20:2. λ. κολακείας flattering speech 1 Th 2:5. Speaking gener. 2 Cor 8:7; Eph 6:19; Col 4:6; D 2:5. ἐν λόγῳ πταίειν make a mistake in what one says Js 3:2.—Of God’s word, command, commission (LXX; ParJer 5:19 κατηχῆσαι αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον; SyrBar 13:2; ApcSed 14:10; Just., D. 84, 2; Ael. Aristid. hears a ἱερὸς λ. at night fr. a god: 28, 116 K.=49, p. 529 D.; Sextus 24) ἠκυρώσατε τ. λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 15:6 (v.l. νόμον, ἐντολήν); cp. Mk 7:13.—J 5:38; 8:55; 10:35; Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6). Of God’s promise Ro 9:6, 9 (but these two vss., and Gal 5:14 below, prob. fit better under 2a), 28 (Is 10:22f). Cp. Hb 2:2; 4:2 (s. ἀκοή 4b); 7:28; 12:19. For B 15:1 see 1aδ. The whole law (as the expr. εἴ τι ἑτέρα ἐντολή indicates not limited to a narrow list of commandments), acc. to Ro 13:9. In what is prob. a play on words (s. 2a and b), Gal 5:14 (s. 2a below) is summed up in the λόγος as expressed in Lev 19:18.—That which God has created ἁγιάζεται διὰ λόγου θεοῦ 1 Ti 4:5; in line w. the context, this hardly refers to God’s creative word (so SibOr 3, 20; PtK 2; πάντα γὰρ λόγῳ ποιήσας ὁ θεός Theoph. Ant. 2, 18 [144, 8]), but to table prayers which use biblical expressions. The divine word as judge of thoughts Hb 4:12. τελεσθήσονται οἱ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 17:17; cp. 19:9.—Of the divine revelation through Christ and his messengers (Just., A I, 61, 9 λόγον … παρὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐμάθομεν τοῦτον) θεὸς ἐφανέρωσεν τὸν λ. αὐτοῦ ἐν κηρύγματι Tit 1:3. δέδωκα αὐτοῖς τὸν λ. σου J 17:14; cp. vss. 6, 17; 1J 1:10; 2:14. ἵνα μὴ ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ βλασφημῆται Tit 2:5. The apostles and other preachers, w. ref. to the λόγος of God, are said to: λαλεῖν Ac 4:29, 31; 13:46; Phil 1:14; Hb 13:7; καταγγέλλειν Ac 13:5; 17:13; διδάσκειν 18:11; μαρτυρεῖν Rv 1:2. Of their hearers it is said: τὸν λ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἀκούειν Ac 13:7; δέχεσθαι 8:14; 11:1. Of the λ. τοῦ θεοῦ itself we read: ηὔξανεν Ac 6:7; 12:24; 19:20; οὐ δέδεται 2 Ti 2:9. In these places and many others ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ is simply the Christian message, the gospel: Lk 5:1; 8:11, 21; 11:28 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 1, 20 μὴ μόνον ἀκουόντων ἀλλὰ πασχόντων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν λόγων=let the message have its effect on oneself); Ac 6:2 (s. καταλείπω 7c; for prob. commercial metaph. s. 2a below); 13:44 v.l. (for κυρίου); 16:32 v.l.; 1 Cor 14:36; 2 Cor 2:17; 4:2; Col 1:25; 1 Pt 1:23; Rv 1:9; 6:9; 20:4; IPhld 11:1. Cp. 1 Th 2:13ab; 1J 2:5.—Since this ‘divine word’ is brought to humanity through Christ, his word can be used in the same sense: ὁ λόγος μου J 5:24; cp. 8:31, 37, 43, 51f; 12:48; 14:23f; 15:3, 20b; Rv 3:8. ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Col 3:16; cp. Hb 6:1. ὁ λ. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 8:25; 12:24 v.l.; 13:44, 48f; 14:25 v.l.; 15:35, 36; 16:32 (cp. λ. θεοῦ); 19:10; 1 Th 1:8; 2 Th 3:1. Pl. Mk 8:38 (Lk 9:26); 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Lk 24:44; s. also 1aδ.—Or it is called simply ὁ λόγος=the ‘Word’, for no misunderstanding would be possible among Christians: Mt 13:20–23; Mk 2:2; 4:14–20, 33; 8:32 (s. 1aε below); 16:20; Lk 1:2; 8:12f, 15; Ac 6:4; 8:4; 10:36 (on the syntax s. FNeirynck, ETL 60, ’84, 118–23); 11:19; 14:25 (cp. λ. κυρίου above); 16:6; 17:11; 18:5; Gal 6:6; Phil 1:14; Col 4:3; 1 Th 1:6; 2 Ti 4:2; Js 1:21ff; 1 Pt 2:8; 3:1; 1J 2:7; AcPl Ha 7, 6 (so also Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 2, 3).—Somet. the ‘Word’ is more closely defined by a gen.: ὁ λ. τῆς βασιλείας the word of the reign/rule (of God) Mt 13:19. τῆς σωτηρίας Ac 13:26. τῆς καταλλαγῆς 2 Cor 5:19. τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. δικαιοσύνης (q.v. 3a) Hb 5:13. ζωῆς Phil 2:16. (τῆς) ἀληθείας (Theoph. Ant. 3, 4 [p. 212, 2]; cp. περὶ ἀληθείας Hippol., Ref. 10, 6, 1) Eph 1:13; Col 1:5; 2 Ti 2:15; Js 1:18; AcPl Ha 8, 8 (Just., D. 121, 2). τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) Ac 14:3; 20:32. (Differently the pl. οἱ λόγοι τ. χάριτος gracious words Lk 4:22; cp. Marcellinus, Vi. Thu. 57 Hude λόγοι εἰρωνείας.) ὁ λ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ac 15:7; ὁ τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ λ. MPol 10:1. In Rv 3:10 the gospel is described by the ‘One who has the key of David’ as ὁ λ. τῆς ὑπομονῆς μου my word of endurance (W-S. §30, 12c). λ. τῶν ὑ[πο]μονῶν AcPl Ha 6, 11. παρελάβετε τὸν λ. ὅτι AcPl Ha 8, 25.—The pastoral letters favor the expr. πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (sc. ἐστίν, and s. πιστός 1b) 1 Ti 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Ti 2:11; Tit 3:8; cp. Rv 21:5; 22:6. λ. ὑγιής sound preaching Tit 2:8; cp. the pl. ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι 2 Ti 1:13 (on medicinal use of words for the mind or soul s. VLeinieks, The City of Dionysos ’96, 115–22, on Eur.).—The pl. is also used gener. of Christian teachings, the words of the gospel Lk 1:4 (s. κατηχέω 2a); 1 Th 4:18. οἱ λ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Ti 4:6. On λόγοι κυριακοί for λόγια κυριακά in the title of the Papias document s. ἐξήγησις 2.—JSchniewind, Die Begriffe Wort und Evangelium bei Pls, diss. Bonn 1910; RAsting (εὐαγγέλιον, end).

γ. of an individual declaration or remark: assertion, declaration, speech ἀκούσαντες τὸν λ. when they heard the statement Mt 15:12; cp. 19:11, 22; 22:15; Mk 5:36. διὰ τοῦτον τὸν λ. because of this statement of yours 7:29 (TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 29 [Stone p. 38] τὸν λ. τοῦτον; ApcMos 25 εἰς τὸν λόγον σου κρινῶ σε). Cp. 10:22; 12:13; Lk 1:29; 22:61 v.l. (for ῥήματος); J 4:39, 50; 6:60; 7:36, 40 v.l.; 15:20a; 18:9; 19:8; Ac 6:5; 7:29; 20:38; 22:22; 1 Th 4:15. ὸ̔ς ἐὰν εἴπῃ λόγον κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου whoever utters a (defamatory) word against the Son of Humanity Mt 12:32 (λ. εἰπεῖν κατά τινος as Jos., Ant. 15, 81); cp. Lk 12:10. λόγος σαπρός unwholesome talk Eph 4:29. λόγον ποιεῖσθαι make a speech Ac 11:2 D (cp. Hyperid. 3, 20; Jos., Ant. 11, 86).

δ. the pl. (οἱ) λόγοι is used, on the one hand, of words uttered on various occasions, of speeches or instruction given here and there by humans or transcendent beings (TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 19 [Stone p. 36]; Jos., Ant. 4, 264; Just., D. 100, 3) ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ (καταδικασθήσῃ) Mt 12:37ab; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 21:33; Ac 2:40; 7:22 (ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις αὐτοῦ. On the word-deed pair cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 6 the λόγοι and ἔργα of Diogenes; s. α above). οἱ δέκα λόγοι the ten commandments (Ex 34:28; Dt 10:4; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 168, Decal. 32; Jos., Ant. 3, 138; cp. 91f; Did., Gen. 36, 10) B 15:1. Ac 15:24; 20:35; 1 Cor 2:4b, 13; 14:19ab; κενοὶ λ. Eph 5:6; AcPl Ox 6, 13 (cp. Aa 1, 241, 14); Dg 8:2; πλαστοὶ λ. 2 Pt 2:3. λ. πονηροί 3J 10.—Also of words and exprs. that form a unity, whether it be connected discourse (Jos., Ant. 15, 126; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 11, 5; 81, 3 al.), a conversation, or parts of one and the same teaching, or expositions on the same subject (Diod S 16, 2, 3 μετέσχε τῶν Πυθαγορίων λόγων; Dio Chrys. 37 [54], 1; Ael. Aristid. 50, 55 K.=26 p. 519 D.: οἱ Πλάτωνος λόγοι; PsSol 17:43 [words of the Messiah]; AscIs 3:12 οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Βελχειρά) πᾶς ὅστις ἀκούει μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους Mt 7:24; cp. vss. 26, 28; 10:14; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 10:24; Lk 1:20; 6:47; 9:28, 44. ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς he questioned him at some length 23:9. τίνες οἱ λ. οὗτοι οὓς ἀντιβάλλετε; what is this conversation that you are holding? 24:17; J 7:40 (s. γ); 10:19; J 14:24a; 19:13; Ac 2:22; 5:5, 24; 16:36; 2 Ti 4:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 46:7. λόγοις φθοριμαίοις AcPlCor 1:2.

ε. the subject under discussion, matter, thing gener. (Theognis 1055 Diehl; Hdt. 8, 65 μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον εἴπῃς. Cp. Hebr. דָּבָר) τὸν λ. ἐκράτησαν they took up the subject Mk 9:10; cp. Mt. 21:24 (s. 1aβ beg.). οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μερὶς ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ you have no share in this matter Ac 8:21. ἰδεῖν περὶ τ. λόγου τούτου look into this matter 15:6. ἔχειν πρός τινα λόγον have a complaint against someone (cp. Demosth. 35, 55 ἐμοὶ πρὸς τούτους ὁ λόγος; PIand 16, 3 δίκαιον λόγον ἔχει πρὸς σέ) 19:38. παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας Mt 5:32; 19:9 v.l. (2d is also prob.).—Perh. also Mk 8:32 he discussed the subject quite freely (but s. 1aβ above).

ⓑ of literary or oratorical productions: of the separate books of a work (Hdt. 5, 36 ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τ. λόγων; Pla., Parmen. 2, 127d ὁ πρῶτος λόγος; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 1 ὁ μὲν πρότερος λόγος ἦν ἡμῖν, ὦ Θεόδοτε, περὶ τοῦ …) treatise Ac 1:1 (s. on the prologue to Ac: AHilgenfeld, ZWT 41, 1898, 619ff; AGercke, Her 29, 1894, 373ff; RLaqueur, Her 46, 1911, 161ff; Norden, Agn. Th. 311ff; JCreed, JTS 35, ’34, 176–82; Goodsp., Probs. 119–21). Παπίας … πέντε λόγους κυριακῶν λογίων ἔγραψεν Papias (11:1; cp. 3:1 e; 11:2; 12:2).—περὶ οὗ πολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος about this we have much to say Hb 5:11. Hb is described as ὁ λ. τῆς παρακλήσεως a word of exhortation (in literary form) 13:22. Of writings that are part of Holy Scripture ὁ λ. Ἠσαί̈ου J 12:38. ὁ λ. ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γεγραμμένος 15:25; ὁ προφητικὸς λ. 2 Pt 1:19; 2 Cl 11:2 (quot. of unknown orig.); AcPl Ha 8, 27/BMM recto 35 (Just., D. 77, 2 al.). ὁ ἅγιος λ. the holy word 1 Cl 56:3. ὁ λ. ὁ γεγραμμένος 1 Cor 15:54 (Is 25:8 and Hos 13:14 follow). Pl. οἱ λόγοι τ. προφητῶν Ac 15:15. ὡς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ λόγων Ἠσαί̈ου Lk 3:4 (Pla., 7th Epistle 335a πείθεσθαι ἀεὶ χρὴ τοῖς παλαιοῖς καὶ ἱεροῖς λόγοις; TestJob 1:1 βίβλος λόγων Ἰώβ; ParJer 9:32 v.l. τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ἱερεμίου; ApcEsdr 1:1 καὶ ἀποκάλυψις τοῦ … Ἐσδράμ; ApcSed prol.; Just., D. 72, 3f).—Of the content of Rv: ὁ ἀναγινώσκων τ. λόγους τῆς προφητείας 1:3. οἱ λόγοι (τ. προφητείας) τ. βιβλίου τούτου 22:7, 9f, 18f.

② computation, reckoning

ⓐ a formal accounting, esp. of one’s actions, and freq. with fig. extension of commercial terminology account, accounts, reckoning λόγον δοῦναι (Hdt. 8, 100; X., Cyr. 1, 4, 3; Diod S 3, 46, 4; SIG 1099, 16; BGU 164, 21; Jos., Ant. 16, 120; Just., D. 115, 6) give account, make an accounting ἕκαστος περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λόγον δώσει τ. θεῷ Ro 14:12. Also λ. ἀποδοῦναι abs. (Just., D. 116, 1 al.; Diod S 16, 56, 4; 19, 9, 4) Hb 13:17. τινί to someone (Diod S 16, 27, 4; Plut., Alcib. 7, 3; Chariton 7, 6, 2; SIG 631, 13 τᾷ πόλει; 2 Ch 34:28; Da 6:3 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 209) τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι 1 Pt 4:5. τινὸς of someth. (SIG 1044, 46; 1105, 10 τοῦ ἀναλώματος; Jos., Ant. 19, 307) Lk 16:2 (here λ. w. the art.; on the subject of undergoing an audit cp. Aeschin. 3, 22). Likew. περί τινος (Diod S 18, 60, 2 δοὺς αὑτῷ περὶ τούτων λόγον=taking account [considering] with himself; BGU 98, 25 περὶ τούτου) Mt 12:36; Ac 19:40. ὑπέρ τινος concerning someone Hv 3, 9, 10.—αἰτεῖν τινα λόγον περί τινος call someone to account for someth. 1 Pt 3:15 (cp. Pla., Pol. 285e; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 30; Apc4Esdr Fgm. b ἕκαστος ὑπὸ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔργου τὸν λόγον ἀπαιτηθήσεται; Just., A I, 17, 4. For another perspective s. d below.).—Of banking responsibility ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (PStras 72, 10 [III A.D.] ὁ τῶν θεῶν λ.; PHerm 108 [III A.D.] λ. τοῦ Σαραπείου) in wordplay Ac 6:2 (w. τράπεζα q.v. 1c); s. also 1aβ.—Of a ledger heading (POxy 1333 [II/III A.D.] δὸς αὐτῳ λόγῳ θεωρικῶν=credit him under ‘festivals’; for others s. Preisig., Wörterbuch s.v. λ. 14; s. also Fachwörter 119) Ro 9:6 (the point is that God’s ‘list’ of Israelites is accurate; on ἐκπίπτω in the sense ‘is not deficient’ s. s.v. 4); vs. 9 (the ‘count’ is subsumed by metonymy in divine promise); Gal 5:14 (all moral obligations come under one ‘entry’: ‘you shall love your neighbor as yourself’; for commercial association of ἀναλίσκω vs. 15, which rounds out the wordplay, s. s.v.). The contexts of these three passages suggest strong probability for commercial associations; for another view s. 1aβ.

ⓑ settlement (of an account) (εἰς λόγον commercial t.t. ‘in settlement of an account’ POxy 275, 19; 21) εἰς λόγον δόσεως κ. λήμψεως in settlement of a mutual account (lit., ‘of giving and receiving’, ‘of debit and credit’) Phil 4:15 (cp. Plut., Mor. 11b λόγον δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν; a parallel formulation POxy 1134,10 [421 A.D.] λ. λήμματος καὶ ἐξοδιασμοῦ=ledger of income and expenditures); for the linked accounting terms δόσις and λήμψις s. PCairMasp 151, 208 [VI A.D.]. The same ideas are in the background of εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν credited to your account vs 17.—συναίρειν λόγον settle accounts (BGU 775, 18f. The mid. in the same mng. PFay109, 6 [I A.D.]; POxy 113, 27f.—Dssm., LO 94 [LAE 118f]) μετά τινος Mt 18:23; 25:19.

ⓒ reflection, respect, regard εἰς λόγον τινός with regard to, for the sake of (Thu. 3, 46, 4; Demosth. 19, 142 εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον; Polyb. 11, 28, 8; Ath. 31, 1; Ael. Aristid. 39 p. 743 D.: εἰς δεινότητος λ.) εἰς λ. τιμῆς IPhld 11:2. εἰς λ. θεοῦ ISm 10:1.

ⓓ reason for or cause of someth., reason, ground, motive (Just., D. 94, 3 δότε μοι λόγον, ὅτου χάριν … ; Ath. 30, 3 τὶς γὰρ … λόγος; Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 18 ἐκ τούτου τ. λόγου; Appian, Hann. 29 §126 τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 155) τίνι λόγω; for what reason? Ac 10:29 (cp. Pla., Gorg. 512c τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; Appian, Mithrid. 57 §232 τίνι λόγῳ;). λόγον περὶ τῆς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐλπίδος 1 Pt 3:15 (but s. a above); κατὰ λόγον Ac 18:14 (s. κατά B 5bβ). παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας Mt 5:32; 19:9 v.l. (though 1aε is also poss.).

ⓔ πρὸς ὸ̔ν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος (ἐστίν) with whom we have to do (i.e. to reckon) (Dio Chrys. 31, 123; other exx. in FBleek, Hb II/1, 1836, 590ff), in his capacity as judge (Libanius, Legat. Ulixis [=Declamatio IV] 2 F. τοῖς δὲ ἀδίκως ἀποκτενοῦσι καὶ πρὸς θεοὺς καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ὁ λόγος γίγνεται) Hb 4:13. οὐ πρὸς σάρκα ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ πρὸς θεόν he has to do not with flesh, but with God IMg 3:2.

ⓕ In Col 2:23 (s. 1aβ) λόγον μὲν ἔχοντα σοφίας may= make a case for wisdom (cp. λόγος ἡμῖν οὐδείς Plut., Mor. 870b).

③ the independent personified expression of God, the Logos. Our lit. shows traces of a way of thinking that was widespread in contemporary syncretism, as well as in Jewish wisdom lit. and Philo, the most prominent feature of which is the concept of the Logos, the independent, personified ‘Word’ (of God): GJs 11:2 (word of the angel to Mary) συνλήμψῃ ἐκ Λόγου αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ πάντων Δεσπότου). J 1:1abc, 14 (cp. Just., A I, 23, 2; Mel., P. 9, 61 and oft. by all apolog., exc.. Ar.). It is the distinctive teaching of the Fourth Gospel that this divine ‘Word’ took on human form in a historical person, that is, in Jesus (s. RSeeberg, Festgabe für AvHarnack ’21, 263–81.—Λόγος w. ζωή in gnostic speculation: Iren.1, 1, 1 [Harv. 1, 10, 4]; Aelian, VH 4, 20 ἐκάλουν τὸν Πρωταγόραν Λόγον. Similarly Favorinus [II A.D.]: Vorsokr. 80 A 1 ln. 22 [in Diog. L. 9, 50] of Democritus: ἐκαλεῖτο Σοφία. Equating a divinity with an abstraction that she personifies: Artem. 5, 18 φρόνησις εἶναι νομίζεται ἡ θεός [Athena]). Cp. 1J 1:1; Rv 19:13. εἷς θεός ἐστιν, ὁ φανερώσας ἑαυτὸν διὰ Ἰ. Χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λόγος, ἀπὸ σιγῆς προελθών there is one God, who has revealed himself through Jesus Christ his Son, who is his ‘Word’ proceeding from silence (i.e., without an oral pronouncement: in a transcendent manner) IMg 8:2 (s. σιγή). The Lord as νόμος κ. λόγος PtK 1. Cp. Dg 11:2, 3, 7, 8; 12:9.—HClavier, TManson memorial vol., ’59, 81–93: the Alexandrian eternal λόγος is also implied in Hb 4:12; 13:7.—S. also the ‘Comma Johanneum’ (to the bibliography in RGG³ I, ’54 [HGreeven] add AJülicher, GGA 1905, 930–35; AvHarnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 572f [=Studien I ’31, 151f]; MMeinertz, Einl. in d. NT⁴ ’33, 309–11; AGreiff, TQ 114, ’33, 465–80; CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46; WThiele, ZNW 50, ’59, 61–73) ὁ πατήρ, ὁ λόγος καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 1J 5:7 v.l. (s. N. app.; Borger, TRu 52, ’87, 57f). (Such interpolations were not unheard of. According to Diog. L. 1, 48 some people maintain that Solon inserted the verse mentioning the Athenians after Il. 2, 557.—τῆς τριάδος, τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ λόγου αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς σοφίας αὐτοῦ Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 19].)—On the Logos: EZeller, D. Philosophie der Griechen III 2⁴ 1903, 417–34; MHeinze, D. Lehre v. Logos in d. griech. Philosophie 1872; PWendland, Philo u. d. kynisch-stoische Diatribe (Beiträge z. Gesch. der griech. Philosophie u. Religion by Wendl. and OKern 1895, 1–75); AAall, Gesch. d. Logosidee 1896, 1899; MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48f, I 482; 490 (index); LDürr, D. Wertung des göttl. Wortes im AT u. im ant. Orient ’38 (§9 of the Joh. Logos); EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1907, 83–111; (² ’25); JLebreton, Les théories du Logos au début de l’ère chrétienne 1907; ESchwartz, NGG 1908, 537–56; GVos, The Range of the Logos-Title in the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel: PTR 11, 1913, 365–419; 557–602; RHarris, The Origin of the Prologue to St. John’s Gospel 1917, Athena, Sophia and the Logos: BJRL 7, 1, 1922 p. 56–72; M-JLagrange, Vers le Logos de S. Jean: RB 32, 1923, 161–84, Le Logos de Philon: ibid. 321–71; HLeisegang, Logos: Pauly-W. XIII 1926, 1035–81; TGlasson, Heraclitus’ Alleged Logos Doctr., JTS 3, ’52, 231–38.—NWeinstein, Z. Genesis d. Agada 1901, 29–90; Billerb. II 302–33.—Rtzst., Zwei religionsgeschichtl. Fragen 1901, 47–132, Mysterienrel.³ 1927, 428 index; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 304ff; 316f; JKroll, D. Lehren d. Hermes Trismegistos1914, 418 index.—RBultmann, D. religionsgesch. Hintergrund des Prol. z. Joh.: HGunkel Festschr., 1923, II 1–26, Comm. ’41, 5ff; AAlexander, The Johannine Doctrine of the Logos: ET 36, 1925, 394–99; 467–72; (Rtzst. and) HSchaeder, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, 306–37; 350; GAvdBerghvanEysinga, In den beginne was de Logos: NThT 23, ’34, 105–23; JDillersberger, Das Wort von Logos ’35; RBury, The 4th Gosp. and the Logos-Doctrine ’40; EMay, CBQ 8, ’46, 438–47; GKnight, From Moses to Paul ’49, 120–29. TW IV 76–89; 126–40 (on this s. SLyonnet, Biblica 26, ’45, 126–31); CStange, ZST 21, ’50, 120–41; MBoismard, Le Prologue de St. Jean ’53; HLangkammer, BZ 9, ’65, 91–94; HRinggren, Word and Wisdom [hypostatization in Near East] ’47; WEltester, Haenchen Festschr., ’64, 109–34; HWeiss, Untersuchungen zur Kosmologie etc., TU 97, ’66, 216–82; MRissi, Die Logoslieder im Prolog des vierten Evangeliums, TZ 31, ’75, 321–36; HLausberg, NAWG, Ph. ’87, 1 pp. 1–7.—B. 1262. DELG s.v. λέγω B 1. M-M. EDNT. TW.